Effect Of A Substance On Daphnia - 1285 Words

Abstract: The experiment was conducted by a number of individuals to see how the effects of a substance would have an effect on a Daphnia. The Daphnia’s were placed in multiple different substances environment to see the effect it would have on their heart rates. When doing the experiment the first step was to take the Daphnia and put it a Water solution to observe the heart rate of the Daphnia and record the heart rate. Recording of the heart rate were taken for when the Daphnia were in the Water solution that way they could compare with the next solution which was Caffeine. Caffeine was chosen because it raises the heartbeat of humans, so they wanted to see what would happen when given to a Daphnia. One drop of Caffeine was dropped onto the Daphnia and then observed to get a recording of the heart rate. The results for both of the solutions were different which arose the question of whether the Caffeine had an effect on the Daphnia’s. The control group was tested first with 5 trials of different Daphnia, this gave an average heart rate of 114.8 with a difference of 0 between the two Daphnia. The heart rates were recorded 3 times for each Daphnia, for each trial 2 Daphnia’s were tested. When the Daphnia were placed in the toxin the results showed a very obvious change in heart rate with an average of 15.6 in heart rates between the Daphnia placed in water and the Daphnia mixed with caffeine. The experiment was done in a controlled environment in the Parker build atShow MoreRelatedThe Normal Heart Rate Of A Daphnia Magna1552 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this lab was to determine the normal heart rate of a Daphnia Magna and decipher the different effects that various substances had on it. A Daphnia Magna is a species of water fleas and can be located in the Northern United Sates against the coastline of the Atlantic in rocky pools. The water flea’s habitat consists of rivers and streams, temporary pools, lakes and ponds, and brackish water. The Daphnia Magna range from two to five millimeters in length and are shaped like a kidneyRead More241 and Ibuprofen Solutions988 Words   |  4 PagesIbuprofen Abstract The project that I chose to research was the effect of Ibuprofen on the heart rate of the daphnia. The reason that I chose to do this was because many people in society use over the counter pain killers without really understanding any of the long term effects of this medicine other than clearing their aches pains, and swelling. One of the leading drugs on the market today is Ibuprofen which you may know as Motrin or Advil. Both drugs are identical except for quantity andRead MoreDaphnia Heart Rate Experiment Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pages Aim: The aim of this experiment is to understand the affect of the drug Caffeine on the rate of a Daphnia’s heartbeat. This is to understand the affect of caffeine on a human’s heart rate and the use of daphnia keeps the experiment fair and safe. Background Research: Daphnia – Daphnia (water fleas) are grouped as crustaceans under the arthropod group of Kingdom Anamalia. They have an open circulatory system where fluid (there is no distinction between blood and nutritional fluid) in theRead MoreIs Plant Defensive Compounds Used?1510 Words   |  7 Pagescause cardiac arrest to those herbivore attackers or animals that consume the plant. If this statement is compared to the experiment performed, the defensive compound used, the milkweed should increase the heart rate of the invertebrate observed (the Daphnia) or create at least a change in the insect. During the experiment, water was compared to the milkweed and the heart rate changes were observed under microscope looking at different magnifications. Looking at the data and results obtained, it was discoveredRead MoreHow Does Caffeine And Nicotine Affect Daphnia Magna?863 Words   |  4 PagesHow Does Caffeine and Nicotine Affect Daphnia magna Introduction: The experiment conducted primarily focused on the heart of the Daphnia magna and how it is affected by caffeine and nicotine. The organism is transparent this key feature is ideal for a model organism. During the experiment a total number of four organisms were treated with caffeine and nicotine. Caffeine is a stimulant of the nervous system. (Caffeine. 2015) Caffeine is present in highly consumed products such as coffee, tea, chocolateRead MoreThe Effect Of Various Drugs On The Heart Rate Of Daphnia Magna1222 Words   |  5 Pagesperformed to visualize the effects of various drugs on the heart rate of Daphnia magna. The four drugs tested consisted of: Lidocaine, Acetylcholine, Caffeine, and Nicotine. These drugs were designed to have an apparent effect on the average heart rate of the Daphnia. The laboratory exercise was divided into two parts and procedures: measuring the basal heart rate of Daphnia, and measuring the drug induced heart rate of Daphnia. In order to measure the bas al heart rate, various Daphnia were obtained and observedRead MoreThe Effects of Caffeine on Daphnia827 Words   |  3 PagesThis experiment is to see The Affect of Caffeine on Daphnia. Daphnia is also known as a water flea. It is a distant relative of crabs and shrimps. (Marshall Cavendish, 2002) Daphnia have a hard external skeleton with jointed appendages and limbs. The head contains a large central eye which is made of two eyes joined together. Daphnia has two pairs of antennae which are used for swimming. Each daphnia has five pairs of limbs. These limbs lie in a certain space under the body bounded by the carapaceRead MoreDaphni The Human Circulatory And Nervous System1099 Words   |  5 PagesDaphnia are minute crustaceans and they live in fresh and salt water all around the world (these daphnia’s will be sourced from fresh-water). Daphnia’s are arthropods, which means they belong to the family, which includes crustaceans and insects. They usually reach a max imum of 0.5 millimeters. Although daphnia’s are very small, they are vital to the cleanliness of their environment, as they filter the water by consuming bacteria. Scientists often use daphnia’s in experiments to gain more informationRead MoreThe Effect of Caffiene on Heart Rate1658 Words   |  7 PagesTITLE: Effect of the caffeine on the heart rate OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the caffeine on the heart rate of living organisms. INTRODUCTION: * Daphnia Daphnia  are small,  planktonic  crustaceans, between 0.2 and 5  mm in length.  Daphnia  are members of the  order  Cladocera, and are one of the several small aquatic crustaceans commonly called  water fleas  because of their  saltatory  swimming style (although  fleas  are  insects  and thus only very distantly related). TheyRead MoreDaphnia Heart Rate and Kcl1022 Words   |  5 PagesJuanita Sarmiento Daphnia Ecotoxicology Lab Report Introduction Ecosystems have a way of maintaining themselves under ordinary conditions but when a new factor is added that will most likely threaten the environment action needs to be put forth. Our environment is affected by many pollutants on a daily bases forming a threat to natural stability. For example some of the most polluted parts of the environment are bodies of water like that explained in our lab. Once pollution occurs

The War I And World War II - 1946 Words

Human history has not been peaceful at all; there have been big mass murders, terrorist attacks, and, worst of all, wars. There were and still are wars all over the world, like in Palestine, where people are killing each other because of religion, or in Syria, where people are killing each other because of a protest against Syria’s president. These are not the only reasons that caused gigantic wars. In fact, World War I and World War II, the most horrible, bloody, and catastrophic wars in history, started because of chain reactions. At that point of the human history, the International Community felt strongly the need to overcome all possible difficulties and fuse together into a supranational body, with a clear mandate of spreading and†¦show more content†¦As a result of this conference, on October 24, 1945, the UN was formed to prevent other world wars and to bring peace in countries of the world. The preamble of the UN Charter says: â€Å"WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINED to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom† Other nations joined after the United Nations was formed and soon 50 nations signed the Charter. Nowadays, the last member that affiliated was South Sudan, which was the 193rd member to join. The founding group of the United Nations, formed by the winning power of World War II (China, England, France, USSR, and USA), still keep privileges. The most important is the â€Å"right to veto†, which means that if one of these nations does not agree with a decision, then it is dismissed and will not apply to anything. To fulfill its mandate, the UN created the Blue Helmets, which are trained soldiers that perform peacekeeping and post-conflict peacebuilding operations. These people

The Evidence For Age And Gender

Question: Discuss about the Evidence For Age And Gender. Answer: Introduction: Diversity is inclusive of difference that states people of different range and having terms in respect to ethnicity, race, disabilities, background, religion, gender, ideologies, political beliefs and sexual orientation. It is most important element for global business as even the customers, workforce and market are diverse in nature. In todays world variations and culture are numerous in terms of customs, practices, rituals, habits etc. That exists in the world (davis, frolova and callahan, 2016). An individual easily notices different manifestations and colors in a group or society. In this context, one of the major issues being age and gender that is affecting the work performance in some situations prevalent. These issues have to be resolved by accessing, value and analyzing the differences in work as in 21st century workplaces takes pride being gender neutral for its workforce. In this globalised world businesses need be aware culturally and diversely by incorporating strategies by exploiting them to the fullest for the advantage. In present workplace the employees are provided information through social media such as twitter, facebook etc. As with generations different ideas, values, communicating and working smartly is the goal (mack, 2010). The four generation that is present in workplace is traditionalists, baby boomers, generation x and millennias. Traditionalist staffs were present at the time of wwii by adhering to principles and sticking to authority, quality and respect. They were lacking in skills and techniques to work, were hard worker, implements rules, money conservative, physical labor and are logical based representing 6.5% of workforce. Second being baby boomer between the time periods 1946-1964 by working through sacrifice mode. This helped them in being loyal to colleagues and employers that constitutes of 41% of workforce. They work in teams, workaholics, learning on the go, optimistic and working for wellness and health. The generation x is from 1965-1980 periods stated as the first generation growing with computer technology (joshi, dencker and franz, 2011). They work on being productive with 29.5% of workforce by having work flexibility, technology savvy, casual approach, working by having fun etc. The last being generation y or millennials by working through multi-tasking, leveraging between technologies and opting balanced working lifestyle. 22.5% is this by being diverse, sociable, political, confident, diverse, setting goals and working etc. As said by amaram, (2011) when a business or owner becomes complacent in nature he thinks at the first look that it is too hard difficult to form policies regarding diversity, cultural competency and hard for negotiating for flexible working conditions. This is making the employers close ended in terms of promotion or recruitment in certain decisions by excluding some people. As discussed by peterson and thea (2006) the different measures that is related to discrimination and gender biasness are discrimination against compensation package, favoritism in job promotion, recruitment discrimination and setting wage difference in workplace. As per magee, (2014) the reason that is governed by intersection of age and gender is the promotion rate, difference in gender and break timings during employment. As per the international scenario it can be perceived that in north america women and their work are different in terms of job evaluations than men. This is due to the fact that men are considered as resource than women. As said by dyke and murphy, (2006) who interviewed people who are successful estimated that men are making more explicit comments than women that involve material orientation. The difference in interview answer in both men and women varies as men tend to be towards material success and women feel for themselves and their group. In men the emphasis is more up on extrinsic rewards but, in women it is on intrinsic as men feel proud in performing it effectively. According to huges et al., (2003) studies have confirmed that in the process of job evaluation women focus on the aspects of social relations that involves appraisals, coworker and cooperation. As opined by frieze et al., (2006) a study conducted by managers found out that women rank high in terms of personal priority than men as this desire is linked with intrinsic motivation that is salient in women rather than men. The workplace market is divided into vertical and horizontal workforce linked to both male and female biasness in terms of wages and unfair distribution to both gender. As per kelan, (2009) this gender quake is affecting relations and engagement in both genders drastically. The framework for gender discrimination and productivity is explained below with the diagram: [source: abbas, hameed and waheed, 2011] The above depicts the fact that gender discrimination is happening in three elements- promotion, hiring and providing facilities and goods. This is all linked to employee productivity as each one has its own place in workplace. Each term is crucial for management to perform well so that employees act as asset not as tool. Thus, gender biasness can be concluded that participation of women in workplace is crucial as it leads to creativity and innovation due to amalgamation of backgrounds, skills and perspectives in both genders (garg and punia, 2015). With rising age the productivity gets hampered in terms of organization change this is also affecting individual productivity. The changes taking is involved in age diversity affects the firm performance depending up on the nature of the task performed in the business. This change is coming in workplace with the process of ageing as the employee is not able to perform effectively. In australia age discrimination is the biggest issue that the employers are facing but, are not ready to admit. A survey conducted by hays, (2014) estimated that one in 10 bosses wont hire employees who are beyond 50 years of age. This survey conducted reveals that old workers are being treated as redundant by the employers in australia. Third business leaders refers that old workers are not comfortable for reminding them their work by the younger people and at times forget what they have to perform. This affects productivity in workplace as time is being consumed in the process and one in 5 is not ready to recruit old people in job (hays, 2014). Another survey conducted in berlin by the max planck institute for human development gave between the age of 65 to 80 and 20 to 31 to perform tasks in respect to episodic and working memory and perpetual test. The outcome was old people were more effective and reliable by stating the result as motivated, stable mood and routine is balanced. According to australian bureau of statistics people aged between 55 and 64 years are not being employed for long-term as in contrast with people age between 35-44 years i.e. 22% and 13% for 15-24 years old (hays, 2014). The unconscious bias occurs when the individual is unaware about the world that is fostered by various factors such as family, community and culture. According to neill, (2015) in case of workplace it affects the whole hr process starting from job advertisements, conducting interview, selection and acquisition of talent by retaining it efficiently. The other factors are age, hair color, disability, height, personality etc. That affects the workforce widely. As per neill, (2015) when a business continues to employ same kind of staffs in organization the range is limited to knowledge, skills, opportunities and idea sharing. In other way the productivity is hampered as not having diverse workforce means not providing effective service to consumers or producing in large quantities. From the above discussion it can be concluded that workplace diversity is the biggest challenge that fosters opportunity in business. The strategic use of human resources is done by valuing the workforce diversity and attaining the advantage and disadvantage for managing it effectively. In this globalization era no workplace could survive without diverse workforce but, its benefits can be seen in long-term. References Abbas, d., hameed, a. And waheed, a. (2011). Gender discrimination its effect on employee performance/productivity. International journal of humanities and social science, [online] 1(15). Available at: https://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/vol_1_no_15_special_issue_october_2011/20.pdf [accessed 23 aug. 2016]. Amaram, d. (2011). Cultural diversity: implications for workplace management. Jdm, 2(4), p.1. Davis, p., frolova, y. And callahan, w. (2016). Workplace diversity management in australia. Equal div and incl: an int j, 35(2), pp.81-98. Dyke, l. S., murphy, s. A. (2006). How we define success: a qualitative study of what matters most to women and men. Sex roles, 55, 357371. Elisabeth k. Kelan (2009). gender fatigue: the ideological dilemma of gender neutrality and discrimination in organizations. Canadian journal of administrative sciences vol. No.26, pp. 197-210. Frieze, i. H., olson, j. E., murrell, a. J., selvan, m. S. (2006). Work values and their effect on work behavior and work outcomes in female and male managers. Sex roles, 54(1/2), 8393. Garg, d. And punia, b. (2015). Gender implication of high performance work practices in indian organisation. Sona global management review, 9(3). Hays.com.au. (2014). The balancing act creating a diverse workforce. [online] available at: https://www.hays.com.au/cs/groups/hays_common/@au/@content/documents/digitalasset/hays_154080.pdf [accessed 23 aug. 2016]. Hughes, k., lowe, g. S., schellenberg, g. (2003). Mens and womens quality of work in the new canadian economy: research paper w|19. Canadian policy research networks. Joshi, a., dencker, j. And franz, g. (2011). Generations in organizations. Research in organizational behavior, 31, pp.177-205. Mack, m. (2010). 4 generations in the workplace. 1st ed. Tasc conference. Magee, w. (2014). Effects of gender and age on pride in work, and job satisfaction. Journal of happiness studies, [online] 16(5). Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10902-014-9548-x [accessed 23 aug. 2016]. Martin, c. A. (2005). From high maintenance to high productivity. What managers need to know about generation y. Industrial and commercial training,37, 3944 Neill, r. (2015). The importance of a diverse and culturally competent workforce. 1st ed. Nsw: head teacher hsie, newtown high school of the performing arts. Petersen, trond thea togstad (2006). getting the offer: sex discrimination in hiring. Research in social stratification and mobility science direct vol. No. 24, pp. 239257.

Workplace Stress Leading to Burnout an Example by

Workplace Stress Leading to Burnout Stress in the workplace has been a concern on the minds of human resource employees in many large corporations. By neglecting causes of workplace stress, employers may be nullifying their investment in employee-focused health-promotion programs. The evidence linking certain workplace characteristics to employee stress and health is as strong as the evidence linking smoking to lung cancer (Santa-Barbara pg 2). This essay will illustrate the connection between workplace stress and employee burnout. Need essay sample on "Workplace Stress Leading to Burnout" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed There are professionals all across the spectrum of the corporate world feeling as if they are not making any contribution to society at all, and have relegated their employee/employer relationship down to a nuisance. It is more difficult to get up in the morning and go to the office. It seems pressure is coming from every angle scrutinizing every move made. Santa-Barbara notes that stress form any source causes the brain chemistry to change lowering the bodys immune system making the employee more susceptible to illnesses (pg 2). Our Customers Very Often Tell EssayLab professionals:I'm not in the mood to write my essay. Because I want to spend time with my friendsSpecialists propose: Choose The Qualified Help In Writing PapersBuy College Papers Write My Essay Online Cheap Do My Assignment Pay Someone To Write My Paper Cheap "Anybody can suffer from stress and job burnout," Kleven noted. "These are equal-opportunity challenges." In a dynamic society where change is the only constant, people find it particularly challenging to manage work overload -- and as families split up, reconfigure or move around the country, individuals are less and less likely to have an adequate support system to help them combat stress (Overwhelmed and Overworked, n.d.). Burnout can be defined as a general lack of caring or concern with noticeable less motivation. Many who cannot discover the source of the stress causing burnout can go into depression further complicating their lives. However, according to Ceridian Connection, stress can be overcome, but not without recognizing its source (Overwhelmed and Overworked, n.d.). Once the source is recognized help can come from many directions including managers who can take measures to keep employees involved and engaged. Stress in the workplace is definitely causing employee burnout, but with the right help, and by noticing the symptoms early enough it can be thwarted. Works Cited When Workplace Stress Stifles Productivity. (n.d.) Retrieved 9 December 2006, from http://www.drakeintl.com/dbr/pdf/work_place_stress.pdf Overwhelmed and Overworked: Stress and Burnout on the Job. (n.d.)

The Life Cycle of Fleas

The Life Cycle of Fleas In order to control fleas effectively, you must understand the flea life cycle. Though there are several species of fleas that can infest your home, by far the most common species found on cats or dogs is the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis), so well focus on cat fleas in this article. The Flea Life Cycle Fleas undergo complete metamorphosis with four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Environmental variables influence the length of each developmental stage. Fleas prefer a warm, humid environment, with temperatures ranging between 70 and 90 F and a relative humidity of 75 percent or more. Under ideal conditions, the cat flea life cycle takes just 18 days, from egg to adult. Adult fleas (both male and female) require a blood meal prior to mating. They prefer blood from your pet, but in the absence of a canine or feline host, fleas will bite people. Once mated, the female flea may deposit up to 50 eggs per day on your dog or cat. An adult flea typically lives for several months, so just a single flea can cause a significant infestation in a short amount of time. As your pet walks around your home, many of the flea eggs fall off. Cat flea eggs are tiny, measuring a mere 1/32 inch, so they can go unnoticed in your pets bedding, in carpets, or on upholstered furniture. Within 2 to 5 days, wormlike larvae emerge from the eggs. Lacking eyes and legs, you might think that flea larvae would have a tough time surviving in your carpet. But flea larvae do just fine hunkered down between the carpet fibers, where they feed on anything organic, from hair to adult flea excrement. The larvae feed and molt for 1 to 2 weeks, and then pupate within silken cocoons. The flea cocoon is often camouflaged with debris, including hair, skin particles, and carpet fibers. In a warm environment and with your cat or dog available for a blood meal, the adult may emerge in about a week. The new adult flea will jump on your pet when he passes by, and immediately begin feeding on his blood. Can Fleas Survive If My Pet Is Away? You might think you can beat a flea infestation by simply removing your pet from the home for a while. After all, no host, no parasite, right? But fleas are clever pests. A fully formed adult flea can sit tight inside its cocoon for a year, just waiting for a host animal to reappear. The fleas stay safely in their pupal cases until they sense vibrations that suggest an animal is moving nearby. Like many insects that feed on blood, they can also sense an increased presence of carbon dioxide, which signals that a host is in the area. So as soon as your dog or cat returns, the adult fleas will emerge and feast. And remember, theyll gladly feed on your blood if your pet is unavailable, so unless you are prepared to abandon your home for a year, you really must treat for fleas.

Ethics College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics College - Essay Example They bind people to perform certain actions, or to avoid them, as the case may be. These obligations differ from person to person. They are also dependent upon the type of relationship, that is whether personal or professional. Nevertheless, a person is morally bound to fulfill the same. Secondly, ideals are a set of standards, on the basis of which a person performs actions. It varies on the basis of culture of a person. Moreover, there may be several ways of pursuing these goals or standards. The most common virtues or ideals found in all cultures include loyalty, compassion, tolerance, justice, peace etc. These virtues help us determine whether an act is morally justified. Further, organizational ethics include customer satisfaction, efficiency, superior quality, productivity, fair pricing etc. An action either honors these ideals or disregards them. Hence, these standards help us to determine the morality quotient of the action. Lastly, ethics are concerned with the consequences of our actions and their effect on other concerned people. While determining the likely procedure, one has to consider the outcome of the action. Thus, while evaluating various options available, one must identify the parties involved and carefully analyze the pros and cons involved. From the above, it can be concluded that any course of action which recognizes the obligations, keeping in mind the ideals and benefits all the people concerned, can be acknowledged as morally correct. An action which does not qualify either of the above three factors, cannot be regarded as morally sound, therefore it should be revised. However, one might be in jeopardy, because of conflicting ideals, obligations or effects. To simplify, the course of evaluation to determine the correct action, can be divided into two steps. (Shaw, W.H., Barry, V. and Sansbury, G. 2009) In the first step we ascertain the obligations involved and towards whom they are involved; the ideals which are recognized and those which are ignored. We also identify the people who are affected by our action and the extent of effect on them. The second step involves prioritizing, that is, we deduce which action will prove to be most appropriate out of the set of alternatives. While making a decision one should adopt a stronger objective of the two and the more important ideal which would result in "greater good and lesser harm". Part 2: In real life it is difficult to categorize ideals or objectives on the basis of the importance, so is balancing objectives ideals and effects. Hence the crux of the decision making criteria is left unanswered here. Some propagate that business ethics has unique principles to determine right and wrong on the basis of its business settings. They say that business ethics need not be in tandem with the ethics laid done by the society of right and wrong. (Warlick, Staten Leslie.1998). Some action may be considered as ethical from the point of view of business while it may be unethical from society's point of view. While marketing a company's product, people resort to lying or exaggerating the quality of the product or service in order to sell the product. Say a firm promoting a fairness cream may exaggerate that the effectiveness of the cream shows in a month of usage, while in

Research paper High School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research paper High School - Essay Example Stiva ponders aloud what he should do. The narrative combines his stream of consciousness and the third person perspective in the writing in Part One, Chapter One; ' "But what's to be done What's to be done" he said to himself in despair, and found no answer.' (Tolstoy 3). Tolstoy developed his omniscient narratives to depict different tones of voices while stepping in the shoes of the various characters. For example, the omniscient narrator who writes about Stiva uses a relaxed tone to reflect Stiva's personality. When the narrator writes about Levin, the tone is tense. It tells that Levin is awkward in social manners because he is honest. Levin and Stiva are assigned opposite tones in narratives because their characters are opposites. Levin's unhappiness with the political climate is depicted in this narrative with Levin and Stiva in Part One, Chapter Five, when this is recorded about Levin; ' "On one side it's a plaything; they play at being a parliament, and I'm neither young enough nor old enough to find amusement in playthings; and on the other side" (he stammered) "it's a means for the coterie of the district to make money. Formerly they had wardships, courts of justice, now they have the district council--not in the form of bribes, but in the form of unearned salary," he said, as hotly as though someone of those present had opposed his opinion.' Tolstoy used the characters to ... "Her husband put her with me, and I was delighted to have her..." ' Tolstoy uses the Countess to voice a different opinion of Anna towards the end of the novel. Tolstoy developed Anna's narrator to grow with her role in the novel. In the beginning, she is the successful negotiator who win's Dolly's hand back for he brother, Stiva. The narrator shows Anna's cunning strategy of sympathy, empathy, praise, and eventual victory. Tolstoy has developed the narrative to even use the pauses fruitfully. For example, in Part One, Chapter Nineteen, Anna says; ' "I don't know, I can't judge.... Yes, I can," said Anna, thinking a moment; and grasping the position in her thought and weighing it in her inner balance, she added: "Yes, I can, I can, I can. Yes, I could forgive it. I could not be the same, no; but I could forgive it, and forgive it as though it had never been, never been at all..." ' Towards the end of the novel in Part Eight, Chapter Thirty-One, Anna has changed into a different woman. She is no longer complacent in her old realist views of her Russian society or European world. The narration portrays her as a true tragic heroine who gives up her marriage for love with Vronsky. Vronsky fails her. The narrative describes Anna as becoming confused. She reads meaning into everything she sees. At this stage, Tolstoy is trying to shift his novel, from the realist mode into the modernist. This departure from realism shows when Anna's thoughts leave the unimportant daily experiences and she tries to read deeper meanings into the ordinary activities. The novel introduces modernism then. In Part Eight, Chapter Thirty-One, the narration records Anna as saying; '"Yes, I'm very much worried, and that's what reason was