Application of One of Four Individual Theories to Health Behavior Term Paper

Application of One of Four Individual Theories to Health Behavior - Term Paper Example rature study about the mental health disorder among young adults and middle aged people it can be suggests that depression and anxiety can be treated and cured if those are identified in early stages. This paper uses the theory of planned behavior to critically analyze the prevalence of mental disorders such as depression and anxiety among young adults and middle aged groups. My selection for the condition, mental health behavior and priority group is particularly based on the fact that mental disorders such as depression, stress and anxiety are currently the most common cause of mental health problems among young adults and middle aged individuals and are a leading. For example, depression, problem of anxiety is common among young adults, with nearly 10% of young adults currently suffering from depression and anxiety disorder related problems This is attributed to the fact that many young adults and people in their middle ages often undergo a number of stressful situations related to their career, work, family, religion and economic status (Middle life crisis). Some of the potential specific reasons may include: The chosen group often experience mental disorders such as depression and anxiety as this is the age people begin to experience changes associated with aging in life and may long to get back the youthfulness they had during adolescent. The Theory of Planned Behavior is one of the four individual theories to health behavior that can effectively be used to explain the high prevalence of mental disorders such as depression and anxiety among young adults and middle aged individuals. According to the theory, an individual’s control over behavior is determined by a number of constructs namely: Often times, an individual’s willingness to seek for psychiatric help for a mental disorder like anxiety and depression can, to a great extent, be explained using a series of beliefs and attitudes as Icek Ajzen conceptualizes in the TPB (Buckworth & Buckworth,

Lockheed Martin Essay Example for Free

Lockheed Martin Essay Question: By laying of Lockheed Martin employees, does it affect the future sales of the company? Articles: Lockheed Martin Not Giving Layoff Notices, At White House Request, Lockheed Martin Drops Plan to Issue Layoff Notices, and Lockheed Martin threatens big cuts I. Introduction The Lockheed Martin Corporation ousted its incoming chief executive, Christopher Kubasik, for having a close relationship with a subordinate at the defense contractor. They forced him to resign after the investigation found it to be improper conduct, which violated Lockheed Martin’s code of ethics. However, Mr. Kubasik felt that his affair did not interfere in any way with his job performance. There have recently been some budget cuts at the Pentagon, and contractors are trying to adjust to the changes. The Lockheed Martin directors favored promoting Ms. Hewson, a contractor; because they believe she performs well in other management roles. She had been with Lockheed since 1983, and will immediately become president and chief operating officer of the corporation. II. Findings A. Layoffs (finding 1) 1. Pending job cuts 2. Warnings (the WARN Act) 3. Less pay B. Budget cuts (finding 2) 1. Reduction in Pentagon spending ($500 billion) 2. Minimized the potential for waste and disruption associated with the issuance of unwarned layoff notices. 3. Less spending C. Smaller workforce 1. 18% smaller 2. Hiring pace is slower 3. Fewer jobs available = smaller workforce III. Analysis A. Stakeholder analysis B. Cost-benefit analysis C. Six thinking hat IV. Conclusion Based on the findings and analysis, by laying off Lockheed Marin employees, it would affect the corporation and future sales negatively. Since there will be mass job cuts, the company will slowly start to deteriorate and will fall apart altogether.

Rewards In Society :: essays research papers

Micro Theme Assignment #1, Position #2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Our present society is composed of a ranking structure based on the premise that unequal distribution of rewards such as status, resources, and power is natural, right and good; and for this type of structure to stand, there must be many on the bottom, and a few at the top. Persons in the structure must either resign themselves to their status, compete to win a higher position, and/or defend the position they have. In order for some to move up this structural hierarchy, others must move down if the structure is to remain stable. Although this process may be necessary for our existing society to function properly, it can also prove to be detrimental to society. The competition, fear, greed, resentment and revenge inherent in these types of social systems continue to be formidable barriers blocking the way to social equality in our current society. Karl Marx believed that production is dependant on the workers material conditions present at the time. Unequal distribution of rewards may cause those people who do not experience promotion or personal gain to feel insignificant to society, resulting in a low self-esteem and a reduced level of production. I enlisted into the United States Army for three years following my high school graduation. A good example of unequal distribution of awards is the military, where the whole income structure is based on a person’s rank, and only one individual at the top of your chain of command can grant a request for an increase in rank. If that individual does not like you, he or she has the power to deny any and all requests for promotion. For the soldiers that were denied a promotion, they were looked down upon by many of their peers and leaders. These soldiers soon began to act as if they did not deserve to be promoted. Marx said, “how workers are related to each other can affect their family relations, leisure activities, child-rearing practices, and self-esteem';(Kerbo 94). I observed some of these characteristics, such as low self-esteems, thoughts of quitting the Army before the expiration of enlistment, thoughts of committing violent crimes, and even suicide. The unequal distribution of rewards can also lead to what Max Weber called “status groups';, groups of people who obtain similar levels of promotion, prestige or personal gain in their workplace or community. These groups of people tend to cut themselves off from those not in their group.

Transformation of Nora in Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay -- Henri

Transformation of Nora in Henrik Isben's A Doll's House During the time in which Henrik Isben's play, A Doll?s House, took place society frowned upon women asserting themselves. Women were supposed to play a role in which they supported their husbands, took care of their children, and made sure everything was perfect around the house. Nora is portrayed as a doll throughout the play until she realizes the truth about the world she lives in, and cuts herself free. Nora Helmer was a delicate character that had been pampered all of her life, by her father, and by Torvald. She really didn't have a care in the world. She didn't even have to care for the children; the maid would usually take care of that. In every sense of the word, she was your typical housewife. Nora never left the house, mostly because her husband was afraid of the way people would talk. It really wasn't her fault she was the way she was; it was mostly Torvald's for spoiling her. Nora relies on Torvald for everything, from movements to thoughts, much like a puppet that is dependent on its puppet master for all of its actions. Her carefree spirit and somewhat childish manners are shown throughout the play with statements such as, "Is that my little lark twittering out there?" (1). "Is it my little squirrel bustling about?" (2). A lark is a happy, carefree bird, and a squirrel is quite the opposite. If you are to squirrel away something, you were hiding or storing it, kind of like what Nora was doing with her bag of macaroons. It seems childish that Nora must hide things such as macaroons from her husband, but if she didn't and he found out, she would be deceiving him and going against his wishes which would be socially wrong. As the play goes on, Nora seems to transform from her delicate little character into something much more. At the end of act one, Krogstad goes to Nora for the recollection of the money she had borrowed from him. "You don?t mean that you will tell my husband that I owe you money?" (21). Since Nora was wrong in doing so socially, she could not tell Torvald or anyone else about her problem. Not only would that affect their social standard but also Torvald's ego, which inevitably would happen anyway. After Krogstad threatens to expose Nora for forging her father's signature, she realizes that no matter what she does Torvald was going to know the truth. The flaw with... ...ying in a marriage since divorce was frowned upon during that era. Her decision was a succession for all expectations put on a woman and wife by society. The story A Doll?s House is believable. It stands for every marriage where equality never took place. Many women knew their social status and lived as they were meant to, but for the few that realized there was more to the world then the sheltered life they were living, broke free. Nora was one of the women who knew her place and acted accordingly until she saw that her name had no real value. She was not looked at as an individual, but she was seen as her father's daughter or her husband's wife. The turning point for her decision to break free from this world and start her own life is very believable. She comes to see that her marriage isn't real. Nora no longer loves her husband and knows that he does not truly love her as well. She knows that there is so much more to discover in the world to understand, and until she does she will not allow another man to control her life. Works Cited: Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll's House. In Four Major Plays. Trans. James McFarlane and Jens Arup. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981.

The Effect Social Media Has on Anorexia

This Is the sickening effect that social media has on the generation today, that we should all weigh 90 pounds and be as thin as the fake body on a fashion magazine. Over half of girls and just about one third of males today go through this process every single day. They take steps that are not necessary to control their weight which Is most likely under the normal percentile for their age. These steps Include; laxatives, binging and purging, starving themselves, fasting or even smoking to control their weight.Larger weight and over weight teens or even children are more keel to engage in this horrible behavior only to fit in with the girls or boys on the magazine. In fact, over 20% of these overweight girls and Just over 6% of overweight boys have confessed to using tactics like starving or binging and purging to control their weight. (MEDIC) It is not hard to get sucked into this way of thinking, all it takes are a few articles and covers on a popular magazine and then the image of who you should be, according to the magazine, is burned In the back of your head forever.This train of thought Is not Just put In your brain after a day, no It takes timely The cost alarming thought of anorexia is that it is not only found in teenagers or adults, it is starting to be found in children as little as five years of age. If a Barbie is what is thought of as a role model to a young teenage girl is that not social media affecting the way their brain Is trained to picture perfection? A Victorians Secret model effects the way a mother think about herself greatly so when they start to diet, their young daughter starts to see this as normal and is trained to think that this is what said daughter should be doing.Social media is effecting mothers, aunts, or even sisters which Is then effecting young children. (Eating Disorders) In a study done of five year old girls it was revealed that very significant portion of the very young children associated a healthy diet with food rest riction, thinness, and extreme weight loss. If this is what is being instilled in our young people today then what will the future of our world look like? (Anorexia Begins) One of the most important and influential ideas that social media affects is a teenage girls perception of how skinny is beautiful.Every magazine, television commercial, and website is constantly showing how beautiful you should be and how o make sure that the extra two pounds on your hips can disappear In Just two weeks! There Is the rare moment when any ad is showing that you are beautiful just the way you are and you do not need to weigh 100 pounds to truly radiate beauty. Social 1 OFF 120 pounds because if you weigh more than that in this society then you are truly fat. What social media is not telling you is that many teens have admitted that they use unhealthy tactics because of popular media shown in every aspect of social feeds.What it also does not tell you is that around a thousand women die each year c ause of unrealistic expectations that magazines set for us. They die trying to reach perfection without realizing that perfection is far behind them. (Teen Anorexia) Perfection is all in our heads and the image is put in our heads by people on the covers of magazines, what is not realized is that all of it is fake. All models in social media are a sample size of 0-4 but on the cover of anything they are made and when teenage girls look at the they believe that this is the normalcy and desirability that they should be faced with.With this they pressure their peers which does not stop tit other girls, but has spread to pressuring boys. All girls put pressure on guys to look a certain way like an Firebombed and Fitch model, this has driven over 10% of guys to fall into anorexia, or bulimia and in extreme cases steroids to fit the bill for most women. (Male Eating Disorders) Males are over half as likely to suffer in silence because they do not think that this illness is normal for men to have. ANDREA: Eating Disorders) Eating disorders are should not normal, in males or in females, and if there are signs and symptoms of any sort of eating disorder help should try and be established. Unfortunately though in our society they are more normal than actually looking normal! Everyone is wonderful in their own way, Psalm 139:14 states, â€Å"l praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made; your works are wonderful, and I know that full well. † (Hope, and Healing) But is it known in society that everything is wonderful?Certainly not with social media telling people that a double zero is true beauty. Why is it the the Bible cannot be our source of social media, it gives countless examples that beauty is given by God, that perfection is the person he made and it would not be starved and withered down to 90 pounds because that is the way that the world thinks it should be. God makes every inch of every body perfectly in his eyes, it is not imperfect to weigh 130 pounds, or imperfect to not have the smallest thighs and the tiniest waist.What society needs to realize as a whole is that our imperfections are what makes up who they are. So the girl looks back in the mirror and again drops her eyes to the magazine now wrinkled in her hands. She traces the figure with her fingers re-reading the words on the cover over and over in her head. â€Å"Drop two pounds in two days! † â€Å"Perfection in he form of this super cute new tank top† â€Å"Be a size zero in zero days! † Then with only a moments notice, she swiftly but not violently tosses the magazine into the trash.She will not fall into the trap that the media has created so sneakily but will be herself. She is not going to criticize her body, or will it to be something it is not. And she continues on her life living it our as a normal teenager, without being negatively affected by the social media that surrounds her. And ever so quietly her mind has been made up; not hing is going to change who she is, because she likes the image that is reflected in the mirror.

legal brief essays

legal brief essays A twelve-year-old boy, Lionel Tate, brutally beat a six-year-old girl to death in South Florida in 1999. Tate was pretending to be a pro wrestler while he pummeled this girl to death, her liver even had split in half. A Florida law was recently passed which made it easier for prosecutors to try kids as adults. Tadfggc dfcvbbgds vgdf cvbbte was unfortunately one of those kids. He was sentenced to life in prison at the age of 14. Now everyone is regretting the decision once they seen the poor kid crying because his whole life is gone and there is nothing he can do about it. The problem that lies here is whether or not Tate really deserves to be sentenced to death at such a young age. No one that young has ever been sentenced to life in prison before. And Florida and California are the only states that have laws this harsh, but many other states were considering on following the same way as Florida and California. This is a legal issue because it is a question of whether This law is unconstitutional or it is perfectly acceptable. The pros to this case is that maybe it will stop other states from following in the footsteps of Florida and California. And maybe even this will get rid of the law in those states. The Cons of course are very bad. A 14 year olds life has just been thrown away and will mostly likely spend the rest of his life behind bars. There was some information missing in this article such as details about the court case itself. It kind of just says that the decision was life in jail and thats it. Hopefully the decision the Florida Court made will open up peoples eyes. They will realize that these laws need to be more specified or thrown away. These two states werent thinking when they made these laws and didnt think about any of the consequences at all. They were rushed to quickly and now they need to be atleast changed. ...

Why Dating in Early Ages Isn’t a Good Idea Essay Essays

Why Dating in Early Ages Isn’t a Good Idea Essay Essays Why Dating in Early Ages Isn’t a Good Idea Essay Essay Why Dating in Early Ages Isn’t a Good Idea Essay Essay When you walk in a hallway in your school and see a individual that crushes your bosom. you wish that you can talk to that individual or interact with him/her. But things happen to rapidly. as you have to travel to your category. The ideas of the individual of your dreams stay in your head. throughout the whole twenty-four hours and you still want to make something about your individual you wish to speak to. Dating in your early age is a batch worse than it looks. It will do you to desire to turn back when you’re in the center of it. but you’ll realise that it’s excessively late. Bing an obvious fact. dating in an early age would interrupt your acquisition. Scientists have proved that it interrupts your thought. since the ideas of holding to pass clip with your true love would be your first precedence. Of class. faculty members are really of import to your life. as it would assist you acquire occupations. But if your head was concentrating on love and dating during your early age. you wouldn’t be successful to acquire a occupation. Students become influenced to get down a relationship when they see another twosome. It is indistinguishable to peer force per unit area. so pupils get to â€Å"show off† or boast about their spouse to their friends. Two facts about dating during early age are ; One in four striplings study verbal. physical. emotional and sexual maltreatment every twelvemonth. The bulk of adolescent dating maltreatment occurs in the place of their spouse. About every adolescent thinks whether they should get down dating a batch. Brett Ullman. premiere talker in Canada or Christianity gave a presentation to simple pupils. Brett Ullman told the pupils that a bulk of relationships that take topographic point during simple school or early high school end up neglecting. or interrupting apart. The ground? Because kids and teens at immature ages aren’t prepared for dating. due to their adulthood and duty. Many pupils think that dating is merely a game. where there is really merely a little opportunity where they can be successful in their relationship. Should we day of the month in such an early age. is one’s pick. But many teens fall into the obvious trap that would destroy their repute in school. or in life. Failing can be really light for one individual. where they can easy travel on to their aim in life. But for the other. sing a broken relationship can take to self injury. depression or self-destruction. I myself hasn’t experienced a relationship that fell apart. but seen one. Since I’m still in an early age. the reactions. and result of a broken relationship wasn’t really terrible. All there was were merely a few yearss of unhappiness. and the following hebdomad was back to normal. But if I were to see one later on in life. I hope non to see one. the result of a broken relationship might be more intense. Dating during preteens or merely a small other than preteens is most likely a bad thought. Dating isn’t something that one can easy manage or populate through. When you see person that you wish to day of the month with. bury about it. and merely believe of that individual as a friend.

Metacomet (King Philips) War

Metacomet (King Philip's) War King Philips War - Background: In the years following the Pilgrims arrival and founding of Plymouth in 1620, the Puritan population of New England grew rapidly as new colonies and towns were founded. Through the first several decades of settlement, the Puritans maintained an uneasy but largely peaceful relationship with the neighboring Wampanoag, Narragansett, Nipmuck, Pequot, and Mohegan tribes. Treating each group separately, the Puritans bartered European products for Native American trade goods. As the Puritan colonies began to expand and their desire for trade goods lessened, the Native Americans began exchanging land for tools and weapons. In 1662, Metacomet became Sachem (chief) of the Wampanoag after the death of his brother Wamsutta. Though long distrustful of the Puritans, he continued to trade with them and attempted to maintain the peace. Adopting the English name Philip, Metacomets position became increasing tenuous as the Puritan colonies continued to grow and the Iroquois Confederation began encroaching from the west. Unhappy with Puritan expansion, he began planning attacks against outlying Puritan village in late 1674. Concerned about Metacomets intentions, one of his advisors, John Sassamon, a Christian convert, informed the Puritans. King Philips War - Death of Sassamon: Though Plymouth governor Josiah Winslow took no action, he was stunned to learn that Sassamon had been murdered in February 1675. After finding Sassamons body under the ice in Assawompset Pond, the Puritans received intelligence that he had been killed by three of Metacomets men. An investigation led to the arrest of three Wampanoags who were subsequently tried and convicted of the murder. Hung on June 8, their executions were viewed as an impingement on Wampanoag sovereignty by Metacomet. On June 20, possibly without Metacomets approval, a group of Wampanoags attacked the village of Swansea. King Philips War - Fighting Begins: Responding to this raid, Puritan leaders in Boston and Plymouth immediately dispatched as force which burned the Wampanoag town at Mount Hope, RI. As the summer progressed, the conflict escalated as additional tribes joined with Metacomet and numerous raids were launched against Puritan towns such as Middleborough, Dartmouth, and Lancaster. In September, Deerfield, Hadley, and Northfield were all attacked leading the New England Confederation to declare war on Metacomet on September 9. Nine days later a colonial force was beaten at the Battle of Bloody Brook as they sought to collect crops for the winter. Continuing the offensive, Native American forces attacked Springfield, MA on October 5. Overrunning the town, they burned majority of the settlements buildings while the surviving colonists took shelter in a blockhouse owned by Miles Morgan. This group held out until colonial troops arrived to relieve them. Seeking to stem the tide, Winslow led combined 1,000-man force of Plymouth, Connecticut, and Massachusetts militia against the Narragansetts in November. Though the Narragansetts had not been directly involved in the fighting, it was believed they were sheltering the Wampanoags. King Philips War - Native American Ascent: Marching through Rhode Island, Winslows force attacked a large Narragansett fort on December 16. Dubbed the Great Swamp Fight, the colonists killed around 300 Narragansetts for a loss of around 70. Though the attack critically damaged the Narragansett tribe, it led to the survivors openly joined with Metacomet. Through the winter of 1675-1676, the Native Americans raided numerous villages along the frontier. On March 12, they penetrated into the heart of Puritan territory and directly attacked Plymouth Plantation. Though turned back, the raid demonstrated their power. Two weeks later, a colonial company led by Captain Michael Pierce was surrounded and destroyed by Native American warriors in Rhode Island. On March 29, Metacomets men burned Providence, RI after it was abandoned by the colonists. As a result, the bulk of Rhode Islands Puritan population was forced to leave the mainland for the settlements of Portsmouth and Newport on Aquidneck Island. As the spring progressed, Metacomet was successful in driving the Puritans from many of their outlying villages and forced the settlers to seek the safety of the large towns. King Philips War - The Tide Turns: With the weather warming, Metacomets momentum began to fade as a shortage of supplies and manpower began to hamper his operations. Conversely, the Puritans worked to improve their defenses and began successful counterattacks against the Native American allies. In April 1676, colonial forces killed the Narragansett chief Canonchet, effectively taking the tribe out of the conflict. Allying with the Mohegan and Pequots of Connecticut, they successfully attacked a large Native American fishing camp in Massachusetts the following month. On June 12, another of Metacomets forces was beaten at Hadley. Unable to secure alliances with other tribes such as the Mohawk and short on provisions, Metacomets allies began to leave the ranks. Another bad defeat at Marlborough in late June hastened this process. As increasing numbers of Native American warriors began surrendering in July, the Puritans began dispatching raiding parties into Metacomets territory to bring the war to a conclusion. Retreating to Assowamset Swamp in southern Rhode Island, Metacomet hoped to regroup. On August 12, his party was attacked by Puritan force led by Captains Benjamin Church and Josiah Standish. In the fighting, a converted Native American, John Alderman, shot and killed Metacomet. Following the battle, Metacomet was beheaded and his body drawn and quartered. The head was returned to Plymouth where it was displayed atop Burial Hill for the next two decades. Metacomets death effectively ended the war though sporadic fighting continued into the next year. King Philips War - Aftermath: In the course of King Philips War, around 600 Puritan settlers were killed and twelve towns were destroyed. Native American losses are estimated at around 3,000. During the conflict, the colonists received little support from England and as a result largely financed and fought the war themselves. This aided in the early development of a separate colonial identity which would continue to grow over the next century. With the end of King Philips War, efforts to integrate colonial and Native American society effectively ended and a deep resentment took hold between the two groups. The defeat of Metacomet broke the back of Native American power in New England and the tribes never again posed a critical threat to the colonies. Though badly injured by the war, the colonies soon recovered the lost population and rebuilt the destroyed towns and villages. Selected Sources Society of Colonial War: King Philips WarGlobal Security: King Philips WarPilgrim Hall: King Philips War

Child adolence and development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Child adolence and development - Research Paper Example In my days as a child, I was carefree with no worries at all. I would wander like a deer upon the open fields. I enjoyed various natural beauties in the gardens together with my other friends. The days gone are gone forever. What I have are only memories that remain in my mind. The memories make me cry and laugh at times. Nevertheless, it is impossible to cut out them from life. For such reasons, childhood memories are said to be the sweetest in man’s life. I also got several memories of my childhood life. The memories present the sweetest time of my mind. My childhood memories are indeed sweet. No one can forget his/her childhood experiences whether painful or pleasant. I still remember my childhood life very well. I was born in the suburbs of Illinois where I spent my childhood. My father was employed by the government. Home was a simple house where we lived happily together with my parents, sisters and brothers. That is not all; there was another family member. That is my grandmother. She was humble and affectionate. I remember her trying to teach me recite some sayings and quotes. That was at an early age and my mind weak to capture them, speaking was still difficult task. She showed love to me most than other family members. The memories are bitter for I lost her a few years ago. Am lucky for my parents are still alive up to today. Both mum and dad have been by best teachers in language. They taught me how to pronounce simple words like â€Å"no†, â€Å"yes†, â€Å"come†, and â€Å"go†. There was a ground in front of our house. Paddy and other crops had grown in the ground. The beautiful golden color of the paddy field attracted me a lot. Every afternoon, I walked to the playground through the paddy field. The paddy plants always touched me. I got mixed up in the midst of the beauty of nature. I loudly named each flower as I went by playing. Though the names hardly meant anything, but at least I was better than

Impact of the World Trade Organization on Intellectual Property Rights Essay

Impact of the World Trade Organization on Intellectual Property Rights - Essay Example Finally, economics affect the governments by determining nation’s financial resources needed in the sustenance of the country’s requirements. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international body which has the main responsibility for regulating trade between different countries engaged in commercial activities. For example, the WTO standardizes trading policies by finding a common ground between different domestic policies (Kroll, 1999). Recent years have proved to be challenging for trading activities, especially in what concerns the intellectual property rights. Due to differences in policies regarding the ownership and transference of intellectual rights from one person to another, these rights are a crucial issue of contention between countries engaged in trading activities at the international level (Kroll, 1999). The WTO continues to resolve disputes arising with regard to intellectual property rights by providing a standardized set of rules used in the judgment of these cases (Kroll, 1999). Free trade recognizes individual rights to own and dispose of property and is a result of capitalism, which replaced the once popular mercantilism. Capitalism allows for privatization of wealth and the subsequent reduction of restrictions on trade, namely free trade (Craig, 1994). Free trade is considered an economic provision for exchange of goods and services without the intervention of the government, especially in view of foreign trade. In this scenario, the traders utilize the principle of comparative advantage, i.e. both parties benefit from the trade interactions. Ricardo (1817) demonstrated the gains from free trade by an example between two countries, which can use comparative advantage. Matters of guiding policies dictate that free trade ought to rely on supply and demand governing the prices and availability of the goods and services. However, comparative advantage, demand, and supply do not guarantee fair trade.

Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

1 - Assignment Example Women were the main source of labor and were expected to be highly productive in the society. Women were the major contributors during tilling and harvesting of land. In comparison, it should be clear that Egyptian practices were more inclined in religion contrary to the Mesopotamia’s that were scientifically driven (Wengrow, 2010). The architectural designs implored in constructions of the Egyptian Pyramids had more religious inclination than scientific. On the other hand, the dykes that were built along the Tigris and the Euphrates had more scientific backing than religious connotation. The other factor that made Mesopotamia more advanced than Egypt is that it had more trade links compared to Egypt. Mesopotamia had an extensive market across Asia for its clay products. Technologically, the wheel system which was invented in Mesopotamia catapulted transportation, farming and pottery to even greater levels of development than the more religion oriented Egypt (Walther, 1989). In conclusion, Egypt and Mesopotamia remain some of the ancient civilization courtesy of their strategic locations, technological adaptations, culture and religion.However.Mesopotamia witnessed more advanced than Egypt in terms of civilization because of its scientific orientation than

International Buisness Between China and USA Essay

International Buisness Between China and USA - Essay Example Trade Issues†). Traditionally, China was regarded as a closed economy and it was not contributed to the international business. However, in present days, China is considered as one of the biggest business nations internationally. China’s incorporation in the international economy and progressive capture of the market ideologies had been initiated by the US political and financial commitment. The economic development of China has helped to widen and extend the business associations between the US and China at every level for the welfare of both countries (United States Trade Representative, â€Å"U.S.-China Trade Relations: Entering a New Phase of Greater Accountability and Enforcement†). Statement of Problem The paper will describe the trends of business relationships between the two nations i.e. ... In the year 1979, the total business between the US and China was approximately US$ 2 billion and it increased to US$ 457 billion by 2010. Presently, China is regarded as the second biggest US business associates and it is the third biggest export market for the USA. The imports had developed much quicker in comparison to export business. The import deficit between these two countries had increased from US$ 10 billion in 1990 to US$ 273 billion in 2010 (Morrison, â€Å"China-U.S. Trade Issues†). The following figure will describe the international business between the US and China from 2000 to 2010: Source: (Morrison, â€Å"China-U.S. Trade Issues†). Merchandise Business between China and the USA The merchandise business between China and the USA had improved considerably with 32.1% increase in 2010, compared to 2009. With the rapid improvement in merchandise exports, China has gradually replaced Japan as one of the merchandise export markets for the US. In the year 201 0, the US export business with China represented almost 7.2% of total exports, a 5.1 percentage increase than 2000 (Morrison, â€Å"China-U.S. Trade Issues†). The following chart will describe the top export business partners of US in 2010: Source: (Morrison, â€Å"China-U.S. Trade Issues†). During recent years, China has remained as one of the fastest rising export markets for the USA. The major categories of export business between China and the USA in the year 2011 were crops, computer and electronic products, chemical products, shipping tools, raw materials and ore. The following table will describe the top most exported products between the US and China in 2010 and 2011: Source: (Turner, â€Å"US-China Trade Continues To Surge in 2011†). Several business analysts have argued that in

American Government - partisan press and yellow journalism Essay

American Government - partisan press and yellow journalism - Essay Example Once they have projected their thoughts, they are bold and intensively expressive of the subject matter in question. The major differences between the two types of journalism are what they majorly concentrate on in their publications. Yellow journalism is more concerned with eye catching, over exaggerated and thought provoking themes. The claims are mostly unsubstantiated. Partisan press entails media concentration on the events and activities of one political party. This information is carried over the top at the expense of the other political parties. In recent times, the Houston Chronicle has come under fire for partisan coverage. This is because it has over concentrated on activities, events and information concerning the Democratic Party. A good example of yellow journalism is the story run on the front page of the LA Times in September 2009. In bold, they claimed that   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Our state is in a fiscal crisis, Republicans refuse to let us pass a single tax increase whatsoever, we do not tax oil companies for their profits, and the legislature just passed a budget that makes $15 billion in  dreadful cuts  to education and health care, and $11 billion in reckless borrowing† (Hogarth, 2009). This created unnecessary financial shivers as many made an attempt to purchase the paper for detailed information, which was, not sufficiently researched. Hindman, D. B., Littlefield, R. Preston, A., & Dennis Neumann. "Structural Pluralism, Ethnic Pluralism, and Community Newspapers."  Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly  76, no. 2 (Summer 1999): 250–263.

International Buisness Between China and USA Essay

International Buisness Between China and USA - Essay Example Trade Issues†). Traditionally, China was regarded as a closed economy and it was not contributed to the international business. However, in present days, China is considered as one of the biggest business nations internationally. China’s incorporation in the international economy and progressive capture of the market ideologies had been initiated by the US political and financial commitment. The economic development of China has helped to widen and extend the business associations between the US and China at every level for the welfare of both countries (United States Trade Representative, â€Å"U.S.-China Trade Relations: Entering a New Phase of Greater Accountability and Enforcement†). Statement of Problem The paper will describe the trends of business relationships between the two nations i.e. ... In the year 1979, the total business between the US and China was approximately US$ 2 billion and it increased to US$ 457 billion by 2010. Presently, China is regarded as the second biggest US business associates and it is the third biggest export market for the USA. The imports had developed much quicker in comparison to export business. The import deficit between these two countries had increased from US$ 10 billion in 1990 to US$ 273 billion in 2010 (Morrison, â€Å"China-U.S. Trade Issues†). The following figure will describe the international business between the US and China from 2000 to 2010: Source: (Morrison, â€Å"China-U.S. Trade Issues†). Merchandise Business between China and the USA The merchandise business between China and the USA had improved considerably with 32.1% increase in 2010, compared to 2009. With the rapid improvement in merchandise exports, China has gradually replaced Japan as one of the merchandise export markets for the US. In the year 201 0, the US export business with China represented almost 7.2% of total exports, a 5.1 percentage increase than 2000 (Morrison, â€Å"China-U.S. Trade Issues†). The following chart will describe the top export business partners of US in 2010: Source: (Morrison, â€Å"China-U.S. Trade Issues†). During recent years, China has remained as one of the fastest rising export markets for the USA. The major categories of export business between China and the USA in the year 2011 were crops, computer and electronic products, chemical products, shipping tools, raw materials and ore. The following table will describe the top most exported products between the US and China in 2010 and 2011: Source: (Turner, â€Å"US-China Trade Continues To Surge in 2011†). Several business analysts have argued that in

Synthesis Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Synthesis - Term Paper Example The thinking is that as a practicum, it is important to spend time doing things that have potentially large impact on the community and on the lives of poor people especially, and student achievement among those along the margins of poverty need to be understood in the context of larger family and social dynamics for interventions to have any chance of succeeding (Schoolwires, 2014). Title 1 refers to the program that is funded by the federal program and is of the biggest of its kind in the United States, with the goal of providing financial and related support to schools with large proportions of being at risk of not meeting academic standards due to poverty. In its original form, it achieved the force of law under the Elementary and Secondary School Act of 1965, and this was later revised in 1994 to tweak the overall goals of the program. In its current state under the No Child Left Behind, schools have to meet academic standards progress in achievement as reflected in yearly state testing in order for continued inclusion in the funding program. The annual money earmarked for the program is pegged at $14 billion, and in recent years as many as 56,000 different schools across America have tapped into the program funding (US Department of Education, 2015; Malburg, 2015). It is important to note that the Abilene Independent School District or AISD in general is a school district that naturally meets the standards for government support under the Title 1 program of the legislation on No Child Left Behind and earlier legislation that originated the idea of providing additional funding and support to school districts that have large numbers of students living in poverty or near the poverty line. This is because large numbers of residents in the school district are poor, and make substantially less than the average American worker on a

Elizabeth Gaskell Essay Example for Free

Elizabeth Gaskell Essay After Helen died things didnt get much better. The farm workers started to look down upon him and hardy waited till my fathers back was turned rated the stepson, even his own brother looks down upon him unintentionally I sometimes repeated the disparaging words I heard Without fully understanding their meaning. This makes us feel a lot of sympathy towards Gregory and we feel sorry for him. There seems to be a close link between Gregory life and his Mother life. No matter what happens, they try to make the best of things and get on with it. Preston maintains and feeds his hatred of Gregory instead of repressing it; he cherished his feeling of alienation he had from Gregory. He lived the save type of life as her, one of suffering and one full of sorrow, death seems like a better place for him he is along side the one and only person who loved him. Preston holds a grudge on Gregory right from the very start. But we must admire Gregory for not begrudging him or any other person who treats him badly even if they have just been nasty to him, he would do a kind turn for anyone, even if they had been scolding him. He is parallel to his mother. This helps us to warm to him as a character. Gregory is stoical and endures things with uncomplaining patience whichs helps us to admire him. Gaskell creates a character that speaks highly of Gregory. Nearly every one of the farm workers has a bad thing to say about him apart from old Adam. Gregory is sent out onto the hills as a Shepard with along with Adam who trains him. Adam is the only person apart from Gregorys mother who has not got a bad word to say about him, but indeed praises him. This is likely to the fact that Adam was almost the first person who had a good opinion of Gregory and even told this to his boss, Preston. Later in the story when the narrator goes missing, Gregory goes out in the thick snow to look for his half brother risking in his own life and not even thinking about it. This also seems parallel to Helen who had done similar for Gregory by putting Gregory first and looking out for him without even thinking about it. When Gregory manages to find the narrator, Gaskell makes us feel even more admiration for him. In the freezing snow, he gives his brother the Maud (woollen shawl) that he is wearing so that the narrator can stay just a little bit warmer. This makes us warm to Gregory, because of the fact he is suffering for the sake of his brother. Gaskell evokes admiration from the readers, Gregory died for his brother, and someone he barely knew and did not even complain about it. Gaskell creates a character that many of the readers may take a disliking to and manages to get ambivalent responses from the readers. Preston is described as being an old bachelor long past forty and one of the wealthiest farmers thereabouts. Helen agrees to marry him solely on that the fact that he promised to take good charge of her boy, and let him want for nothing, neither in way of keep nor in education. This almost seems a purely business agreement. He uses Gregory as an excuse in order to marry Helen. Gaskell makes our response to Preston more complex than any other of the characters; she manages to get a complicated reaction to Preston through a short story. With the other main characters, it is obvious how Gaskell is trying to portray them but it is not obvious in Prestons case. We are suspicious of him at the start. At the start of The Half Brothers Preston is made out to be a horrible man, but by the end of the story our feelings have softened against him. He is very impatient, he does not wait for Helen to love him Perhaps love would have come in time. Preston begrudges Gregory as child for the attention he receives from Helen. He is jealous of him, and cannot stand Helen loving Gregory more than him. Preston is dehumanised. He does not love Gregory at all, but hates him. But later on we see that Preston is humanised, glad and proud his son was born. He becomes sorry for his poor wifes state, but still blames it on Gregory and holds him responsible for Helens death even though it is his own fault for arguing with her. After Helens death Preston honours the agreement for which they were married under, to look after Gregory. But he makes no attempt to love him, only to give him material things that money can buy, nothing emotional. Even Preston is hurting Gregorys dog, just because it belongs to Gregory, he has a real dislike to anything that Gregory owns or anything to do with. Even Prestons own son thinks he is to hard on Gregory I believe that my father cherished his feeling of alienation to my brother as a duty, than strove to repress it But towards the end of The Half brothers Gaskell makes us feel differently towards him. There is a sense of deep regret from Preston on his deathbed about the way that he treated Gregory throughout his life God forgive me my hardness of heart towards the fatherless child! After his death he knows that Helen loved Gregory more and so as a sign of repentance had desired that he might lie at the foot of the grave, in which, by his desire, poor Gregory had been laid with our mother. Preston is very grateful and thankful to Gregory for saving his sons life I would have given him half my land I would have blessed him as my son. He even tries to be kind to the dog, but it wont let him near it. Gaskell is very good at creating and holding suspense for long periods of time through the story. At the start of the story, just after Helens husband dies suspense starts to build up as we become worried about Helens future and continues to hold the suspense until she marries Preston. When the narrators gets lost, the fact that night came on quicker makes us feel unnerved that night is overtaking him and that he may get stuck there all night. An eerie atmosphere is created which intensifies the suspense even further some wild boggy moor Tautology is used to emphasis how dark it and adds to the suspense noiseless expansion of black darkness. Gaskells use of language also helps to create suspense. Suddenly the air was filled , suddenly is placed at the beginning of the sentence to show how quickly and unexpectedly the snow fell. We start to become worried for the narrator and the suspense is built up even further by the emotional language used I shouted terrible, wild shouts for bare life and choked with tears desolate, helpless death I was to die shows how extreme the situation is, how isolated and lonely the narrator must have felt. The narrator starts to give up hope and we start to feel very sorry for him and then just as all hope is gone, lassie comes to his rescue, we now see that he saved and is going to get home safely as he has been found. Just as soon as we feel relief that he has been found, there poses as even bigger problem, instead of one person being lost, there are two the suspense is deepened even further than before. As the two try to find their way home, it is apparent that they are not going to get home and could die out there. All of this creates suspense and makes the reader want to read on to see if the pair gets home all right. The suspense reaches it climax near the end of the story. When the narrator determined to sleep and doesnt care if he dies. When the pair realise that they can go no further, they stop as a last resort they know that they are going to die and sent lassie back to get help. The suspense is mounted to see whether or not lassie can get back to the ranch before the pair die of the cold. Then the narrator fell asleep. We think is the end, he has fallen asleep he will die. But then a sense of relief comes over us when we find that the narrator has been found just time and survives, but Gregory is not so lucky. Through out the story The Half Brothers Gaskell evokes and manipulates many of our feelings. But some readers, including myself find that some of the story mawkish and trying to push at our emotional buttons in an unsophisticated way. Gaskell style of writing helps to manipulate our feelings. The way she portrays Helens and Gregorys lives makes us feel a lot of sympathy towards them but we admire the way they put up with everything without complaining. She creates a character, which seems to be the bad guy of the story and evokes complex feelings for him from us. Some readers including myself may find that Preston is an horrid man and continue to think the same even when Gaskell tries to soften his image by saying that he has become humanised, but others may feel that he is a good man at heart and this is portrayed at the end of the story when he is deeply regretful. Gaskell is very good at creating suspense and makes us worried about the characters and makes us want to read on. So overall Gaskell is very good at manipulating our feelings.

Indian Biscuit Market: Segmentation and Customer Analysis

Indian Biscuit Market: Segmentation and Customer Analysis For an effective and efficient segmentation, however, a mix of all of these above mentioned parameters have to be used. Extending the above concept of basis of segmentation, the criteria of segmentation across different conditions is naturally different. For example, for the general understanding of a market, one should keep in mind the benefits sought, product purchase and usage patterns, needs, brand loyalty and switching patterns On the other hand, for positioning studies, product usage, product preference have to be taken into account. On one hand, incase of advertising decisions, when media usage and psychographic /lifestyle is considered seriously, on the other hand for distribution decisions, store loyalty and patronage clubbed with benefits sought in store selection is contemplated over. Also, it has been often concluded that the segment profitability is affected by five principal factors : Industry Competitors and the threat of segment rivalry Potential entrants to the market and the threat of mobility The threat of substitute products Buyers and their relative power Suppliers and their relative power Last but not the least, to decide on segmentation, a knowledge of following five patterns of market coverage is important . They are :- Single segment concentration, selective specialisation, product specialisation, market specialisation, full market coverage. PROMOTION :- For any promotion strategy to be successful, it is primarily important that the flow of thought process behind it be understood. A Marketing Plan is essentially a mix of Product, Place, Price, Promotion, physical evidence and Process Management . This Marketing Plan is a derivative of Marketing strategies and objectives, which is in turn derived from Corporate Objectives. And on an overall level, all of these are derived from the Final Corporate Strategy . Amongst these, the Promotion mix consists of a wide variety of selling tactics like Product Placement, Advertising and advertorials, Packaging, Personal Selling, P.O.S., Publicity .Sponsorship, Sales Promotion, Exhibitions, E-Mails, Text messaging etc. While developing the communications Plan, the following points have to be kept in mind by a Marketer :- The nature and detail of the target audience. The Short-term and Long-term communication objectives The messages that are to be used The Communication channels that will carry the message The Budget The Mix of communication tools that is to be used and how the elements of the promotion mix are to be integrated and how, in turn, the promotions mix is to be integrated with the marketing mix. The measure of the ROI of the campaign. Apart from the above mentioned, approaching the customer in a Integrated Marketing Communication Channel is the most effective. i.e. by achieving a higher level of integration between the individual elements of the communication mix, the planner should achieve a greater degree of clarity and consistency, with the result that there will then be a seamless integration of messages and a broader reach . Brand Management A fundamental element of any product strategy is the role played by the brand. Brands are designed to enable customers to identify products or services that promise specific benefits. As such they are a form of shorthand in that they create a set of expectations in the mind of customers about purpose, performance, quality and price. This in turn allows the strategists to build added value into products and to differentiate them from competitors. To be truly effective, a brand strategy has to develop over time and reflect environmental conditions. There is therefore a need from brand development, the key elements of which involve a detailed understanding of: Current perceptions of the brand amongst customers and the trade The expectations of both customers and the trade The strengths and weakness of each brand within the portfolio The value of each of the brands The links that exist between the different brands owned and the nature and significance of any overlaps and gaps The dangers of brand cannibalization When and where new brand names need to be developed The opportunity for brand stretching Probable competitor moves The starting point for this involves analysing the brand in order to understand detail what it means to customer and how much it is worth. In doing this, the strategist needs to identify the core values, the scope that exists for extending the brand name into other product or market sectors, and the areas that must be avoided at all costs. Developing a brand strategy For many organisations, branding is a fundamental element of the product strategy and provides the basis for a consumer franchise that, if managed effectively, allows for greater marketing flexibility and a higher degree of consumer loyalty. However, it needs to be recognised that branding involves a great deal more than simply putting a name on a package. Instead it is about creating, maintaining and proactively developing perceived customer value, it is only in this way that the organisation is able to promise and continue to deliver to the consumer a superior value than that offered by competitors. It follows from this that any brand strategy is, of necessity, a long term process that involves an investment in and commitment to the development of the brand over time. This long term perspective involves the dovetailing of a number of issues, but in essence can be seen to be concerned with the two principal issue that emerge from the discussion above 1. Where the brand is currently and how it is perceived 2. How the brand is to be perceived in three, five and ten years time, and how this might best be achieved. With regard to the first of these, the starting point for any brand strategy involves identifying: The brands current market positioning Competitors positioning strategies and resource bases The way in which the market is likely to develop, and the implications of product, brand and market life cycles Customers perception of the portfolio of brands in the market Customers expectations and the extent to which these are being met both by the brand and its competitors Levels of customer loyalty across the market The financial, managerial and operational that can be called in managing a brand The bases for competition The relative importance of the brand to the organisation Managerial expectations of the brand It is only against this background that the strategist is able to develop a vision for the brand. Finally in developing the brand strategy, the planner needs to give consideration to a series of financial issues, including the margins and contribution that the brand is required to generate in both the short and the long term, and the levels of investment that the brand needs if it is to achieve the objectives set. Consumer Behaviour From the viewpoint of the marketing planner, the mix of cultural, social, personal and psychological factors that influence behaviour is largely non-controllable. Because of the influence they exert upon patterns of buying, it is essential that as much effort as possible is put into understanding how they interact and ultimately, how they influence purchase behaviour. in doing this, it is important not to lose sight of the differences that exist between customers and consumers, and the implications of these differences for strategy. Against the background of an understanding of the factors influencing motivation, the marketing strategists needs them to consider the influence of perception, since it is the way in which motivated individuals perceive a given situation that determines precisely how they will behave. Consumer is at the centre of all decision making in an organisation. The linkage of the consumer to other aspects is shown in the following diagram. We can see that on the left, the consumer interacts through his perception, understanding (cognition), beliefs and social influences. These aspects determine the behaviour of the consumer. The search for this behaviour is through market research and insight mining. The market Research gives fodder for the strategy to be formulated. MARKSTRAT SUMMARY Before entering any market, it is important to understand what the market stands for, the kind of products in the market, the competitors that the company will face and various external and internal factors that will play a crucial role in making decisions after every quarter/period. The Industry Cheetah has 6 players in the Market namely A, E, I, O, U, Y. After the initial feelers of the whole simulation, it was evident that we would have to focus on certain key areas and others would be on low priority. The key-focus areas that were decided were :- Philosophy, Guiding Principals and Organization Product Portfolio Research Development Advertising and Sales Force Decisions Pricing Effects Competitor Dynamics New Product Launches Production Planning and Inventory Management Financial Focus After setting the above agenda, the next step was to decide what needs to be done in the first period. The single point agenda in this case was to enter the Sonite market while keeping away from the Vodite market . The logic behind this was that to, make Vheetah Y the Stock price leader clubbed with highest ROI. A snapshot of results varying across different periods are as follows :- Base (period 0): 1000 Period 11 (End): 1687 Highest: 2485 (Period 6 End) Lowest: 1000 (base) Highest Stock Price in Industry: 3244 (Cpny. I) Some of the pertinent stock prices Index observations over the periods were :- SPI increased by 68.7% after 11 periods compared to base value. A very encouraging positive growth was seen from Period 0 to Period 6 (138.9% growth from Period 0 to Period 6) On the Contrary there was a continuous decrease in SPI from Period 7 to 11 (32.11% decline in Period 7 to period 11). The high-point of the SPI game was that at the end of Period 6, Cheetah Y was the market leader in terms of SPI. A company vs Company comparison of SPI shows the following results :- The next focus shifted to pushing the Product through Sales and advertising .The logic behind our heavy Advertising Budget was that there was no point in having a perfect product if the target market does not know about it. A fine balance of quality and quantity does the trick.Down the line, Cheetah Y also realised that it is wisest to allocate the money to the products with the highest Return on Investment. Also, from a strategic point of view, it makes a lot of sense to be opportunistic and increase the advertising money when the competitors are squeezed for money . In this regard, the most important function is Competitive Advertising which defines a product (in this case SYGU and SYCA) against what its communication dimensions and message quality are. Initially, the dimensions Economy and Performance and Performance and Convenience fared pretty badly . But towards Period 7 (from Period 3 to Period 7), it reached the message Quality Excellent. Parallely, in the Vodite Market, the product VYLE on the communication dimension Economy Felxibility it scored a message quality of Excellent. A combined overview of how the sales department fared for Cheetah Y is given below. Also, it gives the insight into what cheetah Y fared vis-a-vis competitors and current market scenario. Base (Period 0): (a) Sales Volume: 167.53 Kilo Units (b) Revenue: K$ 48659.3 Million Period 11 (End): (a) Cumulative Sales Volume: 539.60 Kilo Units (b) Cumulative Revenues: K$ 1463564.9 Million Highest Sales in any Period (Units): 788.4 (Period 7 End) Highest Sales in any Period (Revenue): K$ 193776 (Period 7 End) Lowest Sales in any period (Units): Base Lowest Sales in any Period (Value): Base Highest Cumulative Sales (revenue) in industry after 11 periods: K$ 1949822 (Company I) (A snapshot of Sales Volume across all the competitors) After investing in adequate sales force across Speciality Stores, Department stores and Mass Merchandise, the next logical step was to analyse the Market Share after each period. Some of the key highlights in case of market share were :- Market Share at Period 11 (End): 7.03% Highest: 28.35% (Period 5 End) Lowest: 7.03% (Period 11 End) Highest Market Share in Industry (Period 11 end): 38.88% (Company U) The broad strategy to achieve the initially set agenda is that first we enter the Cheetah market with minimum number of products, and with zero product in the Vodite Market. Also, offering the same product across multiple segments enhanced the revenue base. There was an overall increased emphasis on targeted advertising to increase brand awareness. The Pricing strategy also worked in this direction, i.e offer the product at a cheaper price than the competitors (even when the product is superior) . But as dynamic as our market strategies, even the Market threw up a lot of surprises. There were the constantly changing consumer needs, aggressive product development of competition, large disparity in growth rates in different segments of the two markets. Thus a snapshot of the strategies pursued are given below, vis-a-vis what actions were taken . Thus, from the above describes strategies pursued and an analysis of their results, the following lessons were learnt : Offer customized products to each segment in the market Keep track of changing consumer needs; modify products accordingly If the product is not performing well, remove from market Pay emphasis to RD Observe competition and their strategy; tweak strategy suitably Advertising spend does not necessarily lead to greater sales Lowering price will not improve sales even in a price sensitive segment Possible Applications of the learnings :- There is space for growth for additional brands in the customer segments of Buffs and Singles as the entire market is concentrated in just a couple of players. A well positioned and well priced brand definitely has a lot of promise in these segments. We need keep a tap on ideal value evolution of the physical characteristics or dimensions. Continuous re-evaluation and modification of existing brands like SYGU and SYCA should be done and marketing and advertising efforts should be employed keeping the changes in mind. The position of SYGU brand needs to be questioned and, if need be, repositioned with a modified RD project. A product/brand catering exclusively to the Followers segment in the Vodite should be launched with the desired physical characteristics. Need to define the space for competition so that maximum efforts can be employed there with minimal overlap and wastage with any concurrent efforts for any other brand of the company a case in point is Company I which has excellently defined brands in each of the customer segments of Singles, others and followers. Need to use the MDS and SEMANTIC scales more precisely for setting advertising objectives for SYGU and SYCA. COMPANY STRATEGY :- Biscuit industry is the third largest producer and fastest growing industry in FMCG sector.Its Estimated Value is approximately Rs 5000 Crore. It forms a part of the Organized sector: 60% (approximately). Major Segments in which it operates are Glucose, Marie, Cream, Crackers, Milk. Major Brands in the industry right now are : Britannia, ITC, Parle, Priyagold, Dukes etc COMPANY OVERVIEW :- Britannia is Indias second largest food company with Sales close to Rs. 20 billion. Over the years it has shown a Consistent annual growth rate of 15-20% . It Sources products from more than 50 factories spread across the country. Key product lines include Biscuits, Bread, Cakes and Rusk .Product range serves to the whole spectrum from mass market to the premium segment . FINANCIAL ANALYSIS :- An indepth analysis of past few years shows that the Gross sales increased to Rs 2317.11 Cr in 2006-07 indicating a growth of 28% . Britannias Profits declined by 33% due to increase in input prices and stiff competition (like Parle, itc, Priya ). An interesting trend showed that Dividends of the order 100-150% were provided for the past 5 years. Although Britannia followed the industry growth rate for the past 3-4 years, the profit margin followed a zigzag pattern. But owing to Inflation, Costs have increased significantly on the production as well as on selling front. Company has very small debt and its Debt-Equity ratio is 0.01. Company is maintaining good debt rating for future requirements.PBITDM (Profit Before Interest Tax Depreciation Margin) expressed as a percentage of Sales is 6.58.ROE is at a healthy Rate of 21.14% .Current ratio has been improving over the years and hence the solvency position of the company. COMPETITIVE ANLAYSIS :- (Marketing Mix of Britannia ) PRICING :- On the basis of price, the biscuit market can be segmented into the following: Low Range Biscuits (less than Rs 40 per kg.) Medium Range Biscuits (Rs. 40-70 per kg.) High Range Biscuits (over Rs.70 per kg.) Britannia caters to the upper middle and high end of the market with a touch of premium to it. On the price quality matrix, Good Day biscuits can be classified as following a High-Value strategy. PROMOTION :- Britannia has engaged into various Integrated Marketing Communciation activities some of the more prominent ones are mentioned as follows. Since Consumers are becoming more health conscious Swasth Khao Tan Man Jagao (Eat Healthy, Think Better) campaign directly addressed this new trend (Tiger Biscuits). A new logo was created encapsulating the core essence of Britannia healthy, nutritious and optimistic. Good Day is positioned as a healthy and nutritious product and it advocates values that stand for health, hygiene, family, trust and taste. Since events form a major chunk of the Brand visibility agenda, Britannia sponsors a lot of Sports and sporting events as key channel for promotions. One of the majorly acclaimed campaigns of Britannia is Britannia khao, World Cup jao campaign in 1999 and 2003 and was awarded the most recognized sales promotion among all Cricket World Cup-related sales activity SEGMENTATION AND CUSTOMER ANALYSIS :- Before delving deep into Segmentation Targeting and Positioning, it is important to identify what the Key information areas are, specially the Demographic profile of the consumer on the parameters age, sex, income level and occupation. Some of the personal characteristics of consumers include the identification of When do customer consume biscuits, Type of biscuits consumed, Where do the customer purchase, Purpose of buying (personal consumption, gifting, serving guests), How much do consumers spend on biscuits, Factors Affecting the buying decision, order of preference etc. Different products will have different target group depending on the above mentioned factor. Though a Good-day would appeal to the consumers as a mid-range biscuit, a further extension of that product called Good-day Choco-nut falls in the category of High-end biscuits. RD :- Qualitative Research includes an in-depth analysis of the consumer needs and wants and for this, a wide variety of tool may be used. For ex ample, FGDS with a set of consumers to identify major factors influencing the purchase decision of biscuits (and Interacting with friends and family Quantitative Research Customer survey using questionnaire.Survey done through both face to face interviews as well as online. Tools Used are Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis and Fishbein analysis . Consumer Behavior and MARKET RESEARCH IN CHEETAH Y Market Research forms the basis of almost all of the strategically important decisions that a Company makes over a period of time. Consumer psyche, Brand perceptions, Buying behaviours, Priority or preferences, all of these form the building blocks of information, on the basis of which a decision maker even goes to the extent of changing the very core proposition of a Brand ! BRAND AWARENESS :- To understand the awareness level of brands across our own company Cheetah Y and across competitors, it is important to have a comparative analysis. This has been made possible by Consumer Survey on brand Awareness Segment by Segment . The report delves deep into what exactly is the level of brand knowledge amongst the following segments :- Buffs, Singles, Pros, HiEarners and Others. Initially when the game began, the product SYGU occupied highest mindspace share amongst Singles while the product SYCA occupied highest mindspace amongst Pros. At the end of all 12 periods, SYGU continued to occupy the highest share amongst Singles while also capturing a significantly high percentage amongst Buffs. On the Contrary, the mindspace percentage of SYCA increased excessively for Buffs and Hiearners.Also one more product SYCO was introduced which managed to gain the highest mindspace . This helped in taking proper measures to increase brand awareness amongst the desired segm ent and helped in understanding the impact of increasing advertising expenditure . The next logical step after studying the Brand awareness is to find out that how much of it is actually getting converted into Purchase. To study the Purchase intentions, the report Consumer Survey-purchase Intentions is the apt report. Here we inferred that purchase intention for SYGU was the highest amongst the Singles, which is in sync with the level of Brand awareness amongst them. Also the purchase intention for SYCA was highest amongst the Hiearners which is again in sync with the Brand awareness.IF we analyse the trend across 12 periods, we notice that there is a visible trend reversal i.e. SYGU purchase intention was highest amongst the segment Others while incase of SYCA, the PROS showed the highest purchase intentions . This can be attributed to the fact that a lot of investment was made in the Advertising research and hence overall advertising budget which increased the brand awareness and purchase intention considerably. BUYING BEHAVIOR of consumers :- So where exactly are Cheetah Ys target audience buying from ! This is important to understand because it helped us plan the salesforce and distribute the salesforce accordingly amongst the Speciality stores, Departmental stores and Mass merchandise stores. At the start of period 1, Buffs were mostly buying from Speciality stores, Singles were mostly buying from speciality and Departmental stores while 50% professionals were buying from Speciality stores.High earners preferred to buy through Departmental stores. However, after understanding the buying behaviour, appropriate salesforce was installed in each of these store types. Hence after period 12, singles ended up buying equally from Speciality, Departmental stores and mass Merchandise stores. The result of all the efforts and budget put into Marketing has a direct impact on the market share and stock prices. In this regard, the Report Consumer Panel- Market Shares based on Unit Sales provide the perfect insight into the market share distribution of the two products amongst Buffs, Singles, pros, Hiearners and others. In the Period 1, the highest share of revenue for SYGU was coming from Singles, while highest share of revenue for SYCA was coming from Hiearners (this is in sync with the BRAND AWARENESS report). However, down the line after 11 periods, the highest share of revenue for SYGU was coming from Others while major revenue contributors for SYCA was the segment pros. Since the brand awareness for the product SYCO was low, this duely reflected in in share of revenue being almost nil from each of the segments. After understanding the current scenario and facts and figures related to Brand awareness and Brand purchase intentions, it becomes imperative to do an apt amount of Advertising Research and an estimate of Competitive advertising. The Market research report tells us that initially all the products in the Sonite Market had a rating of poor against the various communication dimensions, except SULI . But over a period of 12 periods, while the communication dimensions and ratings and its corresponding ratings for all the products (and companies) changed, the ratings for SYGU AND SYCA remained poor and only SYCO got a message quality of Good. This can be analysed through the fact that though investment in advertising was being made, simultaneously the changes in the parameters Design, Power, Weight etc through RD was not made. This resulted in a mismatch between the product quality and what is being advertised, hence resulting in poor message quality.

Leonardo Da Vinci Essay -- Biography Artist Da Vinci Bio Essays

Leonardo Da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452 in Vinci, Tuscany, during a time called the Renaissance. His creations of art and advancements in science not only surpassed those of his time, but have contributed to the fundamentals of modern day technology and are arguably the greatest in history. Many of da Vinci’s paintings remain today as proof of his pioneered techniques, brilliance, and talent. The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language defines â€Å"renaissance man† as â€Å"[a] man who has broad intellectual interests and is accomplished in areas of both the arts and the sciences.† This is a term still used today, and its derivation is obvious. Many people in the Fourteenth to Sixteenth Centuries were skillful artists and scientists, but Leonardo da Vinci was the quintessential Renaissance man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Renaissance was a time of economic stability. Originating in Italy and eventually expanding to other parts of Europe such as Germany, France, and England, the Renaissance was an era of renewed interest in literature and art and emphasized autonomous thought and creations. The philosophy of humanism, an idea stressing the importance and distinction of individuals, is thought to have originated during this time (â€Å"Renaissance† Encarta). Italian writers struggled to discover and preserve earlier works by Romans and Greeks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There was one main cause for the Renaissance and the economical boom; a population increase. The Crusades caused a spark in trade due to interactions with other cultures. Trade routes were established and eventually became crowded. Therefore, existing towns grew into cities, and new ones were conceived. As towns grew and became crowded, there arose a need for expansion. People traveled more and interacted with other cities and cultures, which was forbidden under the feudal system. This interaction and constant traveling, along with military encounters, increased trade even more. The feudal system began to break down.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The exports brought money, and Italian rulers and nobles, as well as the governments of cities, became wealthier because of the merchants: â€Å"These merchants exerted both political and economic leadership and their attitudes and interest helped to shape the Italian Renaissance† (â€Å"Renaissance† World History 345). They also donated generously in support of the arts. Soon, cities became comm... ...e course of art in Western civilization, and his scientific studies in the fields of anatomy, optics, and hydraulics were the basis for many of the developments of modern science. The variety of his interests and the depth of his brilliance made him the quintessential Renaissance man. Works Cited â€Å"Early Renaissance† Microsoft Bookshelf ’95. CD-ROM. Microsoft Corp. 1995. Hale, John R. Renaissance. New York: Time Inc., 1965. â€Å"Leonardo da Vinci.† Da Vinci Museum on the Web. Online. Internet. February 28, 2000. Available: http://www.davinci-museum.com/davinengl1.htm â€Å"Leonardo da Vinci.† Microsoft Encarta ’99. CD-ROM. Microsoft Corp. 1998. â€Å"Piero della Francesca† Microsoft Bookshelf ’95. CD-ROM. Microsoft Corp. 1995. â€Å"The Renaissance.† Who and When? The Renaissance: Artists and Writers. 1998. â€Å"The Renaissance in Italy.† World History: Connections to Today. 1999. Richter, Irma A. The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1952. Snyder, James. Northern Renaissance Art: Painting, Sculpture, the Graphic Arts from 1350 to 1575. Phoenix: Prentice-Hall, 1985. Turner, A. Richard. Inventing Leonardo. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993.

Free Waste Land Essays: The Lifeless Land -- T.S. Eliot Waste Land Ess

The Waste Land:   Lifeless Land  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As The Waste Land begins, Eliot enters into the barren land, which the audience journeys across with the author through the course of the poem. "The roots that clutch" immediately evoke a feeling of desperation. Roots in the rocky soil Eliot describes are a base from which to grow; just as roots in plants gain nourishment from soil, these roots "clutch" infertile ground, desperately seeking something to gain from nothing. The question "what branches grow" suggests skepticism as to life's ability to survive in "stony rubbish," the waste that offers no forgiveness. "You know only a heap of broken images" alludes to memory. Memory can be a composite of many smaller memories, creating discontinuity. "Broken images" are similar to the entire poem, which has a tendency to jump between snippets of different lives and desolate imagery of a desert waste. Eliot creates a memory lacking value for its indistinctness. Because only "broken images" exist, the memory itself becomes a waste. Just as life cannot grow in a barren land, people cannot be wh...

Are Asains Becoming White Essay

1) Asian Americans have been stereotyped under the image of being a model minority from the mid-1960s to our present day (Macionis 2010:278). Being a model minority means â€Å"overcoming extreme hardships and discrimination to achieve success (Macionis 2010:278). † Success â€Å"economically, socially, and educationally†¦without resorting to confrontation with Whites (Schaefer 2009: 252). † Asian Americans have done this and the public has â€Å"attributed their winning wealth and respect in American society to hard work, family solidarity, discipline, delayed gratification, non-confrontation, and eschewing welfare (Macionis 2010:278). † Being labeled a model minority might appear to bring only prestige but in fact it brings consequences as well. One such consequence is that being a â€Å"model-minority holds Asian Americans to higher standards (Macionis 2010:279). † Situations that may be accepted for some aren’t accepted from them. They are â€Å"judged by standards different from average Americans (Macionis 2010:279). † Also because of the expectations placed upon them they are channeled to â€Å"specific avenues of success, such as science and engineering (Macionis 2010:279). † This leads up to another consequence of parents â€Å"often discouraging their children from entering fields they regard as unlikely to offer financial security, such as the arts (Schaefer 2009:252). † A child may have a gift as an astounding writer, yet the parents will still discourage it due to worries about job outlook and income in the future (Macionis 2010:279). Another consequence the label causes is that it â€Å"reinforces the myth that the United States is devoid of racism and accords equal opportunity to all (Macionis 2010:279). † This implies that â€Å"those minorities that do not succeed are somehow responsible for their failure†¦this attitude is yet another instance of blaming the victims (Schaefer 2009:252). † Although, not all bad, an advantage of the stereotype is that Asian Americans are more likely to attain a high-paying job. It is common to see â€Å"Asian Americans are concentrated near the top in professional and managerial positions†¦(Schaefer 2009:251). † Simply due to what they are known for Asian Americans are allowed more opportunity and they prove themselves over and over again; with the highest median household income of all racial groups, and the lowest poverty rate of all racial groups (Macionis 2010:278). 2) Min Zhou asks the question, â€Å"Are Asian Americans becoming white? † First off, what does it mean to be White? â€Å"White is an arbitrary label having more to do with privilege than biology (Macionis 2010:276). † Being white means different things to different people. To some becoming white â€Å"can mean distancing oneself from â€Å"people of color† or disowning one’s ethnicity (Macionis 2010:276). † To others becoming white is something to strive for because it means attaining a privileged status (Macionis 2010:280). The most common view accepted by Asian Americans is â€Å"that â€Å"white† is mainstream, average, and normal, and they look to whites as a frame of reference for attaining higher social positions (Macionis 2010:279). † Asian Americans are becoming white as I see it. They are gaining prestige, they working hard and they strive for something greater. Especially since being white is commonly associated with being an American (Macionis 2010:280). â€Å"Asian immigrants tend to believe in the American Dream and measure their achievements materially (Macionis 2010:279). † They share common interests with most Americans such as, â€Å"to own a home, to be my own boss, and to send my children to the Ivy League (Macionis 2010:279)†, as one Chinese immigrant stated. Of course, being an American is more than just these items, but it is a generalized American mentality that shows common ground. If Asian Americans choose to marry a partner of a different racial background, 87 percent of those marry whites (Macionis 2010:280). There are thoughts that some Asian Americans hold, such as, â€Å"You can certainly be as good as or even better than whites, but you will never become accepted as white (Macionis 2010:280). † I believe this to be incorrect. â€Å"According to a new Purdue University study, more than 94 percent would say that having United States citizenship makes someone â€Å"truly American. † http://phys. org/news64938913. html: 3)† If we were to relate being white to being American, most Asian Americans are already there. With the mentality, dedication and perseverance that Asian Americans display, I would say, Yes, Asian Americans are becoming white. 3) The Jews and Asian Americans had two different experiences that could be seen to relate in certain aspects despite the large difference in events. The Jews were intelligent and successful though looked down upon in the United States and they were seen as â€Å"members of an inferior race (Macionis 2010: 266). † It wasn’t until after World War II those things drastically changed. â€Å"Before the war, most Jews, like most other Americans, were working class. Already upwardly mobile before the war relative to other immigrants, Jews floated high on this rising economic tide, and most of them entered the middle class (Macionis 2010:272). † Like Asian Americans, Jews were always ahead of the other races. They were given difficult roads to face and large obstacles to climb, yet they achieved success, following the definition of the model minority. Similarly they struggled with the dilemma of being considered white. Before the war, â€Å"Columbia University took steps to decrease the number of entering Jews by a set of practices†¦(Macionis 2010:269). † It wasn’t until the war that there were â€Å"changes set in motion during the war against fascism that led to a more inclusive version of whiteness (Macionis 2010:270). † Though the struggle was different, it was still there for both groups. The Jews compared to Asian Americans benefited most from government programs that spurred upward mobility because after the war the government was in need of a rise in the economy and they created great programs to assist in that matter (Macionis 2010:270). The â€Å"Jews’ and other white ethnics’ upward mobility was the result of programs that allowed us to float on a rising economic tide (Macionis 2010:273). † Asian Americans on the other hand, upward mobility wasn’t based off of programs as much, as their heritage and culture. Instead, â€Å"In spite of these obstacles, Asian Americans students soldier on with strong support from their parents (Schaefer 2009:252). † As for comparison with African Americans and Asian Americans they are in two completely different categories. Both are minority groups, though they are on opposite sides of the court. Asian Americans have higher income rates than Whites, African Americans on the other hand, have their â€Å"household income of Blacks is still 60 percent that of Whites, and the unemployment rate among Blacks is more than twice that of Whites (Schaefer 2009:250). † Still to this day Blacks â€Å"remain significantly underrepresented, despite Senator Barack Obama†¦(Schaefer 2009:520). † Asian Americans are well represented due to being the model minority. Asian Americans are a very diverse group of people. â€Å"Their diverse origins include drastic differences in languages and dialects, religions, cuisines, and customs (Macionis 2010:278). † Because of this â€Å"all of these differences create obstacles to fostering a cohesive pan-Asian solidarity (Macionis 2010:278). †

Missing the Target

This article is written to the general public.   It is begging the question, how do we close the gap? The school district or town of Ossining is struggling to get to the root of the great racial divide. However, the bigger question, is it race, is the real issue.   Is it socioeconomic or an even greater issue at hand?   The values stressed in this article are of education, equality and integration. The author whole-heartedly believes that the great racial divide is what hinders many African-American and Latino students.   The author also points out that the students have benefited from the integration and provides examples in the article of said benefits. Let us examine the points a little further. The article asks the question, ‘can the town continue to use racial targeting to close the achievement gap?’ Is that what is going on? According to the article, ‘†they're doing a lot of things, but it's not clear that they're working.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He (Noguera) says the results of his research are forthcoming.   Pedro Noguera is a New York University sociologists and nationally known expert in the achievement gap (Goldstein). He does not see how this is helping but gives the school an A for effort.   However, effort alone does not achieve results, especially in this instance.   I do not see the efforts of Ossining as an academic achievement, but as a social one. It is irrelevant as to whether I agree with the values of the article, although I do. However, the values of integration do not solve the problems of the educational divide, which is the point or thesis of the article.   What is stressed here is how African-Americans do better in the workforce when they are put in integrated environments and pregnancy rates are lowered for Latina and African-American teenagers, but what does that have to do with education? The sociological gap presented here is really what is being questioned.   However, that is not achieving equality in higher education. Programs such as the Boy Scouts of America or summer enrichment programs can achieve integration or exposure to a less segregated social experience.   The question in the article is about closing the achievement gap and that is not being addressed or answered in this article. The author values integration, equal opportunity, enrichment exposure and self-esteem.   However, if the parents of the affluent are the only ones involved, then there will only be a social integration.   Achievement comes from involvement and reinforcement at home.   There are few children that can achieve anything with parents who cannot understand and assist in homework or academic endeavors.   That is discouraging.   My take on it is to target parents and to teach them about what good study habits are.   It does not matter if the children are being targeted if it is not reinforced at home. There are only a minute amount of children that can make achievements in dire circumstances.   If the parents are telling the children to work hard or that they need them to get a job to help out with bills and other extenuating circumstances, such things can and will deter academic achievement.   There are statistics that show parents that read have children that read.   The emphasis on education starts at home and if there is a sociological disadvantage, then that is what needs to be addressed and resolved since, obviously, such efforts as in the Ossining school are missing the target; educational equality.

World Trade Center Collapse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

World Trade Center Collapse - Essay Example The boundary columns supported nearly all lateral loads, like the wind loads, and also shared the gravity loads with the core columns. In total, above the 7th floor there were 59 boundary columns along each face of the building and there were 47 heavier columns in the core. Besides, all of the elevators and stairwells were located in the core, leaving a large column-free space between the boundary that was bridged by pre-fabricated floor trusses. The tower also consisted of truss system that allowed some load redistribution between the perimeter and core columns and supported the transmission tower The towers also consisted of a "hat truss" or "outrigger truss" located between the 107th and 110th floors, which consisted of six trusses along the long axis of core and four along the short axis. It was found to play a key role in the collapse sequence (NIST 6-17, 2005). WTC towers like all modern day skyscrapers were designed in a perfet way to survive major fires. After the fire incide nce in 1975 that spread to six floors before being extinguished, fireproofing was also added to the two towers (Hamburger 2:1-40). It is said that while designing these towers, the possibility of any accedent by aircraft was also taken into consederation. John Skilling, who had been in charge of the structural design of the buildings said that an aircraft impact would cause a great deal of damage and loss of life, mainly because of the cunsequent fires, but he claiment that the structure would not collapse (Nalder n. pag). Leslie Robertson, who had also participated in the structural design of the towers, after the 9/11 attack said that the towers had in fact been designed to withstand the impact of the largest airliner such as the Boeing 707-320. According to Robertson, the modeled aircraft weighed 263,000 lb (119 metric tons) with a flight speed of 180 mph (290 km/h), as in approach and landing. However, this would have been much slower than the actual impacts of 9/11. He also said that they lacked a good understanding and did not antiocipate the effects of such large fires on the structures (Robertson n. pag). Unfortunately, the designers Skilling and Robertson and many others had not anticipated sush an event while designing the buildings. Impact of the Fire Though both the towers were cinstructed in such a mannar with fireproofing, none of us anticipated such a attack. Once the aircrafts hit the towers the light construction and hollow nature of the structures allowed the jet fuel to penetrate deep inside the towers simultanously igniting many large fires over a wide area of the impacted floors. Once the fuel from the planes burned out the contents of the buildings cought fire and burned over the next hour or hour and a half (Field 2004). Many people has suggested that the fires may not have penetrated deep into the core of the building rathere the debris and fuel would likely have remained mostly outside the buildings or concentrated in more peripheral areas away from the building cores. But in this scenario, the towers might have stood far longer, perhaps indefinitely (Gross 2004). The fires were hot enough and were responsible for weakening the columns and cause floors to sag down resulting in pulling perimeter columns

Introduction the Playstation Network being hacked Essay

Introduction the Playstation Network being hacked - Essay Example Most worrying about hackers is that once they hack into sensitive information, they compromise the functionality of the hacked system hence putting the affected business into jeopardy. Associated with computer crime include spamming, theft, terrorism, pornography, fraud among other malicious acts. One of the historical computer crimes targeted Sony’s PlayStation Network. PlayStation Network (PSN) is and internet based multiplayer gaming console provided by Sony Corporation. The network provides a platform in which game players across the world interact through media delivery. PSN members have to register and provide other personal information such as credit card numbers, date of birth, passwords, addresses, among other sensitive information. Therefore, a breach of network security in Sony’s PSN console means that essentially sensitive information get into malicious hands. On April 2011, it was reported that information belonging to almost 80 million PSN users was expose d following a hack. During this incident people were unable to use their services such as Qriocity, Netflix, or Hulu. They also couldn’t get onto the Internet and play games online which is the main feature of the PlayStation. Considering the adverse effects of hacking on online based businesses, this paper will zero in on discussing the hacking of Sony’s PSN. Among the different issues to be discussed include the possible ways in which the PSN was hacked. More specifically, the paper will discuss how Sony Corporation handled the hacking issue including identifying the breach, system downtime, compensation to the users, action taken against the hacker. Lastly, the paper will discuss the technical actions taken by Sony to ensure that such a breach does not take place in the